Calluses and corns are common skin formations characterized by localized thickening and hardening of the skin caused by repeated friction or pressure.
They occur more often in:
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Older adults and people with darker skin tones
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Women, due to wearing tight or uncomfortable shoes
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Areas exposed to bony protrusions that constantly press against hard surfaces
Clinical Features
Typical signs of calluses and corns include:
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Localized hard, thickened, or cracked skin
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Pain, redness, or swelling (especially with corns or cracked calluses)
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Sometimes secondary infection
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Usually develop in areas of repeated friction or pressure
Common locations:
Palms, knuckles, sides of the feet, and soles.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis is made based on the clinical appearance and patient history. In most cases, no additional testing is required.
Treatment
The main goal of treatment is to reduce pressure and trauma to the affected skin area. A dermatologist creates an individual treatment and prevention plan.
Effective management may include:
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Application of special creams or balms to soften the skin
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Mechanical exfoliation (filing or using a pumice stone), ideally after soaking the affected area in warm water for about 10 minutes
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Removal of the central core (in corns) with a specialized instrument
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Wearing comfortable, non‑tight shoes
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Using protective gloves during repetitive manual work
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Separating the toes with soft cotton, wool, or orthopedic spacers to reduce friction
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If the skin is cracked – applying protective dressings, moisturizing creams, or antibiotic ointments in case of infection
Proper daily skin care, wearing well‑fitted footwear, and avoiding prolonged friction are the best ways to prevent recurrence.
